Professional+journals

= Professional journals on Bystander Phenomenon =

- Kitty Genoves murdered, while 38 witnesses were around, hearing, watching and did nothing to help.
 * ===An abstract on "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses."[]===

- This study investigated psychological distress as measured by the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and physiological reactivity as measured by skin conductance and heart rate in bystanders as compared to direct victims of prevalent forms of repetitive abuse (e.g., bullying). (Participants 77) were interviewed twice: once to recall witnessing another person be abused repeatedly over time, and again to recall similar experiences as a victim
 * ===Abstract []===

- "Bystanders, the other members of society, share with perpetrators a cultural tilt (as well as difficult life conditions and resulting motivations). If they passively accept the victims' suffering, or join the system, they also change, undergo resocialization in values and beliefs."
 * ===The Evolution of bystanders...[]===